How it is formed
Mother of pearl is also known as nacre. It is a composite of both organic and inorganic chemicals created by nature. The chemical make-up of this composite is hexagonal platelets of aragonite. The dimension of this platelet is 10-20 micrometers with a thickness of 0.5 micrometer. In between the layers of these platelets is a thin organic matrix made up of elastic biopolymers. This unique combination makes the mother of pearls resilient and strong. When this combination is multiplied, meaning the dimensions of the composite grows bigger, the toughness increases as well.
Mother of pearls are created by the mollusc species from their epithelial cells from the mantle tissue. Over time, the molluscs continually deposit layers on the inner surface of the shell. This action presents two purposes. One, as defense against parasites which could damage the detritus and two, it smoothens the shell of the mollusc itself.
The process of encystation occurs when the molluscs get invaded by a parasitic organism or in cases when they are invaded by a foreign object which the mollusc cannot spew out. What happens is that the parasite or foreign object gets enclosed in the layers of the mother of pearl that the mollusc continually deposits. This continuous process of depositing several layers eventually creates the pearls that are marketed by jewelers to the public. Until the mother of pearl is taken from the mollusc, the pearl continues to grow bigger.
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